Sports Medicine Translation

Rosetta Stone Sports Medicine Translation Project

1. Overview:

The Rosetta Stone Project is a collection of English-to-foreign language phrase guides designed for medical professionals. These guides cover a wide range of languages including Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Polish, Swahili, Farsi, French, German, Irish, Korean, Mandarin, Norwegian, Russian, Serbian, and Spanish. The primary goal of these guides is to facilitate communication between healthcare providers and athletes who may not speak the same language, especially in the context of physical examinations and symptom gathering. The guides include vocabulary related to anatomy, diagnoses, instructions for physical exams, and common patient questions, as well as numbers. The project involved the collaboration of  31 clinicians, athletic therapists and native language speakers:

Project collaborators:  Dr. Muhanad Abo-Arisha, Dr. Ahmed Aljefri, Dr. Hasan Al Shabanah, Dr. Kevin Asem, Dr. Benedykt Cichy, Dr. Wes Clayden, Prof. Naama W. Constantini, Dr. Neil Dilworth, Dr. Nasr Hegazy, Rosey Jang, Dr. Marie-Josée Klett,  Dr. Dmitri Krassioukov-Enns, Dr. Guillem Gonzalez-Lomas, Dr. Magnus Mejlaender-Larsen, Dr. Mark Leung, Dr. Vara Mahadevan, Biljana Marekic, Dr. Zahra Masroori, Shohei Miyauchi, Dr. Jim Niu, Dr. Colm O Giollagain, Dr. Francis O Leary, Philsan Omar, Sabrina Ormond, Dr. Thanu Ruban, Dr. Tanir Shalhav, Dr. Ronan Sugrue, Dr. John Theodoropoulos, Dr. Vagelis Tourvas, Dr. Sebastian Wawrzyniak, and Dr.  Joo Hyung Yoon.

Figure 1 – Example of English-Japanese Guide

Link to guides: https://sportmedschool.com/rosetta-stone-sports-medicine-translations/

2. Key Themes and Ideas:

Facilitating Cross-Linguistic Medical Encounters: The central theme across all documents is the bridging of communication gaps in medical settings.
These guides aim to provide clinicians with the necessary vocabulary to conduct basic patient interactions, gather information about symptoms, and instruct patients during physical exams.
Standardization of Medical Terminology: While the languages differ significantly, the guides consistently address a core set of medical concepts.

This includes anatomical terms (e.g., “head”, “knee,” “shoulder,” “heart,” “lungs”), common symptoms (e.g., “pain,” “nausea,” “dizziness,” “fever”), common injuries (e.g., “tear,” “strain,” “sprain,” “fracture”), and diagnostic terms (e.g., “dislocation,” “subluxation,” “contusion,” “swelling”).

Table 1 – Anatomical terms across languages

English	French	German	Spanish	Arabic	Greek	Hebrew	Polish	Swahili	Farsi	Korean	Mandarin	Norwegian	Russian	Serbian	Irish
Head	La tête	der Kopf	La cabeza	سأر – Ras	Κεφάλι (kefali)	ראש ,ROSH	Głowa (guo-vah)	Kichwa	سر(Sar)	머리 Meoli	頭 tóu	Hode	Голова “G(o)lava”	Glava	ceann
Forehead	Le front	die Stirn	La frente	ةهبج – Jabha or بجPQR – Jabeen	Μέτωπο (metopo)	מצח ,METZACH	Czoło (cho-wo)	Kipaji	(Pishaani)پیشانی	이마 Ima	額頭 é tóu	Panne	Лоб “Lob”	Celo
Eyes	L’oeil (yeux pl.)	das Auge(n) pl.	El ojo	نويع – Ouyoun	αιτάΜ (matia)	עיניים ,Eynaim	Oczy (o-chi)	Macho	چشم(cheshm)	눈 Nun	眼睛 yǎn jīng	Øyne	Глаза “Glaza”	Oci	súil(e)
Nose	Le nez	die Nase	La nariz	فنأ – Anf or مشخ – Khashoum	Μύτη (myti)	אף ,AF	Nos (nos)	Pua	بینی(bini)	코 Ko	鼻子 bí zǐ	Nese	Нос “Nos”	Nos	srón
Mouth	La bouche	der Mund	La boca	مف – Fum	Στόμα (stoma)	פה ,PEH	Usta (oo-stah)	Kinywa	(dahaan)دھان	입 Ib	嘴巴 zuǐ bā	Munn	Рот “Rot”	Usta	beal
Chin	Le menton	das Kinn	La barbilla	نقذ – dhaqn	Πηγούνι (pigouni)	סנטר ,SANTER	Broda (bro-dah)	Kidevu	چانھ(Chaaneh)	턱 Teok	下巴 xià ba	Kinn	Подбородок “Podborodok”	Brada	smig
Shoulder	L’épaule	die Schulter	El hombro	فتك – Katif	Ώμος (omos)	כתף ,KATEF	Bark (bark)	Bega	(Shaaneh)شانھ	어깨 Eokkae	肩膀 jiān bǎng	Skuldre	Плечо “Plecho”	Ramena	guaillí
Chest	La poitrine	die Brust	El pecho	ردص – Sadr	Στήθος (stithos)	חזה ,HAZE	Klatka (klah-tkah)	Kifua	قفسھ ghafaseh)سینھ sineh)	가슴 Gaseum	胸部 xiōng bù	Bryst	Грудь “Grud’ ”	Grudi	Ucht
Back	Le dos	der Rücken	La espalda	رهظ – Thahur	Πλάτη /Ράχη (plati/rachi)	גב ,GAV	PLecy (pleh-tsee)	Mgongo	(kamar)کمر	등 Deung	背 bèi	Rygg	Спина “Spina”	Ledja	Droim
Groin	L’aine (f.)	die Leiste	La ingle	رأabة – Orbiya or غمPeR – Maghban	Μηροβουβωνική χώρα (mirovouvoniki chora)	מפשעה ,MIFSA’A	Pachwina (pakh-veena)	Kinena	کشالھ keshaaleh)ران raan)	사타구니/서혜부 Sataguni/seohyebu	鼠蹊 shǔ xī (colloquial) 腹股溝 fù gǔ gōu (medical term)	Lyske	Паховая Область “Pakhovaja Oblast’”	Prepona	Bléin
Elbow	Le coude	der Ellbogen	El codo	كhع – Kou Or قفرم – Mirfuq	Αγκώνας (ankonas)	מרפק ,MARPEK	Łokieć (wo-kech)	Kisugudi	ارنج(aaran j)	팔꿈치 Palkkumchi	手肘 shǒu zhǒu	Albue	Локоть “Lokot’ ”	Lakat	uillinn
Wrist	Le poignet	das Handgelenk	La muñeca	مصعم – Maesum	Καρπός (karpos)	שורש כף יד, Shoresh Kaf Yad	Nadgarstek (nad-gar-steak)	Kiwiko	مچ mogh e)دست	손목 Sonmok	手腕 shǒu wàn	Håndledd	Запястье “Zapyast’ye”	Rucni zglob	Rosta
Hand	La main	die Hand	La mano	دŠ – Yad	Χέρι (cheri)	יד ,YAD	Ręka (ren-kah)	Mkono	(dast)دست	손 Son	手 shǒu	Hånd	Рука/Кисть “Ruka/Kist’ “	Saka	Lámh
Finger	Le doigt	der Finger	El dedo	عبصإ – Isba	Δάκτυλο χεριού (dactyla cheriou)	אצבע ,ETZBA	Palec (pah-lets)	Kidole	انگشت angosht e)دست	손가락/손 끝 Son galak/ Son kkeut	手指 shǒu zhǐ / 手指頭 shǒu zhǐ tóu	Finger	Дистальные фаланги пальцев “ Distal’nye Phalangi Paltsev”	Prst	Méar
Hip	La hanche	die Hüfte	La cadera	كرو – wirk	Ισχίο (ischio)	מפרק הירך Mifrak HAYARECH	Biodro (bee-o-droh)	Nyonga	لگن(lagan)	고관절 Gogwanjeol	髖部 kuān bù	Hofte	Бедро “Bedro”	Kuk	cromán
Thigh	La cuisse			ذخف – Fakhdh	Μηρός (miros)	ירך,YARECH	Udo (oo-doh)	Paja
Knee	Le genou	die Knie	La rodilla	كرnة Rokbah	Γόνατο (gonato)	ברך ,BERECH	Kolano (koh-lah-noh)	Goti	زانو(zaan ou)	무릎 Mul eup	膝蓋 xī gài	Kne	Колено “Koleno”	Koleno	glúin
Shin	Le tibia	das Schienbein	La espinilla	قاسلا ةمدقم – Moqaddemat Al-Saaq	Καλάμι/ πρόσθιο μέρος κνήμης (Kalami/prosthio meros knimis)	שוק ,SHOK	Podudzie (po-doo-jeh)	Muundi	ساق (saagh e paa)پا	정강이 Jeong-gang-i	脛骨 jìng gǔ	Legg	Передняя область голени “Perednjaja Oblast’ Goleni	Podkolenica	Lorga
Ankle	La cheville	der Knöchel	La tobillo	zلحا – Cahill	Αστράγαλος (astragalos)	קרסול ,KARSOL	Kostka (kost-kah)	Kifundo cha mnguu	مچ (moch e paa)پا	발목 Balmok	腳踝 jiǎo huái	Ankel	Лодыжка “Lodyzhka”	Clanak	rúitín
Foot	Le pied	der Fuß	El pie	مدق – Qadum	πόδι (podi)	רגל ,REGEL	Stopa (stoh-pah)	Mguu	پا(paa)	발 Bal	腳 jiǎo	Fot	Стопа “Stopa”	Stopalo	Pé
Calf	Le mollet	der Wadenmuskel kalb	La pantorilla	قاسلا ةلضع – Adalut Al-Saaq ةلaلا – Al-Ribla ةطnلا – Al-Battah ةنامسلا – Al-Simmanah	Γάμπα / Γαστροκνήμιος (gampa/gastroknimios)	סובך ,SOVECH	Łydka (whit-kah)	Shavu la mnguu	پشت ساق ماھیچھ maahiche ye)پا posht e paa)	종아리 Jong-ali	小腿 xiǎo tuǐ	Tykkleggen	Задняя область голени “Zadnjaja Oblast’ Goleni”	List	matán lao
Heel	Le talon	die Ferse	El talon	بعك – Kaub	Πτέρνα (phterna)	עקב ,AKEV	Pięta (pee-en-tah)	Kisingino	پاشنھ paashneh)پا paa)	발꿈치 Balkkumchi	腳後跟 jiǎo hòu gēn	Hæl	Пятка “Pjatka”	Peta	Sáil
Neck	Le cou	der Hals	El cuello	قرnة – Raqabah	Αυχένας/Λαιμός (afchenas/laimos)	צוואר ,TZAVAR	Szyja (schi-yah)	Shingo	گردن(gard an)	목 Mok	脖子 bó zǐ	Nakke	Шея “Sheja”	Vrat	Muinéal
Achilles tendon	Le tendon d’Achille	die Achillesehne	Tendón d’aquiles	بوقرعلا رتو Watar alarqob		גיד אכילס Gid Achilles	Ścięgno Achillesa – schcheng-noh Achille-sah	Ukano wa kisingino						Ахиллесова сухожилия
Toe	L’orteille (m.)			مدقلا عبصا – Isba Al-Qadum	Δάκτυλο ποδιού	בוהן, BOHEN	Palec (pah-lets)	Kidole cha mnguu	انگشت Angosht e)پا paa)			Tå		Prst	Ladhar

The aim is to provide the essential lexicon for patient assessment.

Structured Patient Interaction: The guides follow a similar structure, usually beginning with a basic introduction from the examiner, followed by instructions for physical maneuvers, then questions to gather patient data. A consistent opening phrase is provided in each language, such as:

Arabic: “Ahlan, ana ___________, sa-aqoom be moraja’at alnamothaj altebbi, thumma sa-asaloka ba’ad alasela, thumma sa-aqoom be fahsek altebbi” (“Hi, I’m _______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Greek: “Γειά σας, Είμαι ο ………… , πρόκειται να εξετάσω το ιατρικό έντυπο με τις πληροφορίες που έχετε συμπληρώσει, να σας κάνω μερικές ερωτήσεις και μετά θα πραγματοποιήσω φυσική εξέταση” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Hebrew: “Shalom, Ani…………, Ani rotse livdok et hatoffes harefui shelcha, lish’ol mispar she’elot ve’az levatse’a bdika gufanit” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Polish: “Dzień dobry, jestem ______, przeczytam Pana formularz, zadam kilka pytań, zbadam Pana.” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Swahili: “Jambo, mimi ni ________, nitachunguza fomu yako ya matibabu, nita kuuliza maswali kadhaa, kisha ufanye uchunguzi wa mwili.” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Farsi: “ھستم و قرار است فرم پزشکی شما را بررسی کنم از شما یک سری سواالت میپرسم و در ……سالم من .نھایت شما را معاینھ خواھم کرد” (“Hi, I’m ______, I’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

French: “Bonjour, Je m’appelle ______, je vais réviser votre formulaire médical, vous demander quelques questions, ensuite faire un examen physique.” (“Hi, I’m ______, I’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

German: “Guten tag (Hallo), meine namen ist __________, ich werde heute ihren medizinischen Allgemeinzustand testen. Ihnen danach einige Fragen stellen und anschließend eine körperliche Untersuchung durchführen.” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical
exam.”)

Irish: “Dia duit, is mise ______, táim chun do fhoirm leighis a scrúdú, roinnt ceisteanna a chur ort, ansin scrúdú fisiceach a dhéanamh.” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Korean: “안녕하세요, 제가 환자분 기록 (Self-questionnaire)을 확인한 다음에, 몇가지 질문 드리고, 신체검사를 수행하도록 하겠습니다. Annyonghaseyo, jega hwanjabun girokeul hwaginhan daeume myot kkaji jilmun deurigo sinche gomsareul suhaeng hadorok haget sseumnida.” (“Hi, I’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Mandarin: “你好，我是_____，我會看一下你填的醫療表格，問你一些問題，然後檢查你的身體 nǐ hǎo ， wǒ shì _____ ， wǒ huì kàn yī xià nǐ tián dí yī liáo biǎo gé ， wèn nǐ yī xiē wèn tí ， rán hòu jiǎn chá nǐ dí shēn tǐ ” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Norwegian: “Hei, jeg heter X og skal nå gjøre en helseundersøkelse. Jeg kommer til å stille deg noen spørsmål og undersøke deg.” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Russian: “Здравствуйте, меня зовут ______________________, мне необходимо оценить Вашу физическую форму и состояние Вашего здоровья, задать Вам несколько вопросов, а затем провести медицинское обследование. Zdravstvuyte, menya zovut ______________________, mne neobkhodimo otsenit’ Vashu fizicheskuyu formu i sostoyaniye Vashego zdorov’ya, zadat’ Vam neskol’ko voprosov, a zatem provesti meditsinskoye obsledovaniye” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Serbian: “Dobar dan, ja cu da pogledam vase papire , postavicu vam neka pitanja i onda cu da vas pregledam” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)

Spanish: “Hola, me llamo _________. Voy a examinar su formulario médico. Le haré algunas preguntas y luego le realizaré un examen físico.” (“Hi, I’m ______, i’m going to examine your medical form, ask you some questions, then conduct a physical exam.”)
Emphasis on Physical Examination Instructions: The guides provide specific commands in each language to direct patients during a physical exam. Common instructions include, “Stand up,” “Sit down,” “Lie on your back,” “Bend your knees,” “Raise your arms over your head,” and “Point to your pain”.

Arabic: “Stand up – فقأ – Akef – or – مق Qum,” “Lie on your back – كرهظ ¢±ع دقرأ – Orkod ala zahrak”

Greek: “Stand up – Σήκω”, “Lie on your back – Ξαπλώστε ανάσκελα (Ξαπλώστε με την πλάτη σας)”

Hebrew: “Stand up – Ta’amod, תעמוד”, “Lie on your back – Shkav al hagav, שכב על הגב”

Polish: “Stand up – Proszę wstać – pro-sheh v’stach”, “Lie on your back – Proszę się położyć – proh-sheh sheh poh-woh-zcheech”

Swahili: “Stand up – Simama”, “Lie on your back – Lala kwa mngongo”

Farsi: “Stand up – بایستید,” “Lie on your back – بھ پشت دراز بکشید”

French: “Stand up –levez-vous debout”, “Lie on your back – vous allonger sur le dos”

German: “Stand up – Stehen Sie bitte auf (formal) Steh bitte auf (informal)”, “Lie on your back – Legen Sie sich bitte auf den Rücken (formal) Leg Dich bitte auf den Rücken (informal)”

Irish: “Stand up – Seas suas”, “Lie on your back – Luigh ar do dhroim”

Korean: “Stand up 일어서주세요. il-eoseojuseyo”, “Lie on your back 바로 누워주세요. baro nuwo juseyo.”

Mandarin: “Stand up站起來 zhàn qǐ lái”, “Lie on your back趟下來，臉朝上 tàng xià lái ， liǎn zhāo shàng”

Norwegian: “Stand up – Reis deg opp”, “Lie on your back – Legg deg på ryggen”

Russian: “Stand up Встаньте (пожалуйста) Vstan’te (pozhaluysta)”, “Lie on your back (пожалуйста) Лягте на спину ( pozhaluysta) Lyagte na spinu”

Serbian: “Stand up – Ustanite”, “Lie on your back – Lezite na ledja”

Spanish: “Stand up – levantate”, “Lie on your back – acuestate boca arriba”
Gathering Symptom Information: All guides provide essential questions for identifying symptoms such as, “Any swelling?”, “Do you have any pain?”, “Headaches?”, “Blurry vision?”, “Nausea?”, “Neck pain?”, “Vomiting?”, and “Dizziness?” and “Fever?”.

Arabic: “Any Swelling – خافتنا يأ – Ay Entifakh”, “Pain – ملأ – Alum”

Greek: “Any Swelling – Κάποιο οίδημα”, “Pain – Πόνο”

Hebrew: “Any swelling – יש נפיחות, Yesh nefichut?”, “Pain – כאב ?Ke’ev”

Polish: “Any Swelling – Czy coś puchnie – chee tsosch poo-khnyeh”, “Pain – Ból – bool”

Swahili: “Any Swelling – Uvimbe yoyote”, “Pain – Maumivu”

Farsi: “Any swelling? ایا ورم دارد”, “Pain? درد (dard)”

French: “Any swelling? Enflure?”, “Pain : douleur”

German: “Any swelling? Haben Sie eine Schwellung bemerkt?”, “Headaches? Haben Sie kopfschmerzen?”

Irish: “Any swelling? An bhfuil áit ar bith ag at?”, “Headaches?: Tinnis cinn?”

Korean: “Any swelling? 어디 부으신 곳이 있나요? odi bueusin gosi innayo”, “Headaches? 두통? Dutong”

Mandarin: “Any swelling? 有沒有腫? yǒu méi yǒu zhǒng?”, “Headaches? 頭痛 tóu tòng”

Norwegian: “Any swelling? Har du noen hevelser?”, “Headaches?: Hodepine”

Russian: “Any swelling? У Вас есть отеки? U Vas yest’ oteki?”, “Headaches? Головная боль? Golovnaya bol’?”

Serbian: “Any swelling? Da li ste primetili da je oteklo?”, “Headaches?: Glavobolja”

Spanish: “Any swelling? Sientes hinchazon?”, “Headaches? Dolores de cabeza”
Gradations of Severity: Many of the guides also include terms to describe the intensity or nature of symptoms and conditions, providing words for “mild,” “moderate,” and “severe”, “sharp,” and “dull,” and “partial,” “complete,” which allows for more nuanced communication. For instance:

Arabic: “Mild – فخbف – Khafeef”, “Moderate – طسوتم – Motawasset”, “Severe – دŠدش – Shadeed”

Greek: “Mild – Ήπιος”, “Moderate – Μέτριος”, “Severe – Σοβαρός”

Hebrew: “Mild – קל ,Kal”, “Moderate – בינוני ,Beynoni”, “Severe – חמור , Chamur”

Polish: “Mild – łagodny – wah-god-nee”, “Moderate – Umiarkowany – ooh-myar-koh-vah-nee”, “Severe – Ciężki – chenz-kee”

Swahili: No clear distinction of severity in the provided text

Farsi: “mild, moderate, severe – خفیف.متوسط.شدید”

French: No clear distinction of severity in the provided text

German: “Mild – Mild”, “Moderate – Mittelschwer”, “Severe – Schwer”

Irish: No clear distinction of severity in the provided text

Korean: “mild, moderate, severe – 약간의, 중간 정도의, 심한 정도의 yakkkane, junggan jongdoe, simhan jongdoe”

Mandarin: “mild, moderate, severe 輕度 qīng dù，中度 zhōng dù，重度 zhòng dù”

Norwegian: “mild, moderate, severe – mild, moderat, uttalt”

Russian: “mild, moderate, severe/легкий, средний, тяжелый legkiy, sredniy, tyazhelyy”

Serbian: “mild, moderate, severe – blago, umereno, tesko”

Spanish: “Mild – ligero”, “Moderate – moderado”, “Severe – grave”

Return to Play All of the guides contain phrases indicating whether a patient can return to play or not. These often vary slightly in wording.

Arabic: “You can’t return to play/no return to play جرلا نكمŠ الhبعلل ع – La yomken alrogo li al-laeb”, “You can return to play – جرلا نكمŠhبعلل ع – yomken alrogo li al-laeb”

Greek: “You can’t return to play/no return to play – Δεν μπορείς να επιστρέψεις στο παιχνίδι/αγώνα”, “You can return to play – Μπορείς να επιστρέψεις στο παιχνίδι/αγώνα”

Hebrew: “You can’t return to play/no return to play אתה לא יכול לחזור לשחק Ata lo yachol lachzor lesachek”, “You can return to play אתה יכול לחזור לשחק Ata yachol lachzor lesachek”

Polish: “You can’t return to play/no return to play – Nie można wrócić do sportu – nyeh mozh-nah vroo-cheech doh spor-too”, “You can return to play – Można wrócić do sportu – mozh-nah vroo-cheech doh spor-too”

Swahili: “You can return to play – Unaweza kurudi kucheza” (no phrase for “can’t return to play”)

Farsi: “You can’t return to play/no return to play برگردید بازی بھ نمیتوانید شما”, “You can return to play – میتوانید شما ǀ برگردید بازی”

French: No return to play phrases in the provided text

German: No return to play phrases in the provided text

Irish: “You can return to play – Is feidir leat filleadh ar imirt” (no phrase for “can’t return to play”)

Korean: “You can’t return to play/no return to play – 당신은 경기할 수 없습니다. dangsineun gyonggihal su opsseumnida”, “You can return to play – 당신은 경기할 수 있습니다. dangsineun gyonggihal su itsseumnida”

Mandarin: “You can’t return to play/no return to play 你不行重返比賽 nǐ bù xíng zhòng fǎn bǐ sài”, “You can return to play 你可以重返比賽 nǐ kě yǐ zhòng fǎn bǐ sài”

Norwegian: “You can’t return to play/no return to play Du kan ikke drive fysisk aktivitet”, “You can return to play – Du kan gjennoppta fysisk aktivitet”

Russian: “You can’t return to play/no return to play Вам противопоказано заниматься спортом в течение Vam protivopokazano zanimat’sya sportom v techeniye”, “You can return to play Вы можете начинать заниматься спортом через Vy mozhete nachinat’ zanimat’sya sportom cherez”

Serbian: “You can’t return to play/no return to play Ne mozes da se vratis da igras …”, “You can return to play – Mozes da se vratis sportu”

Spanish: No return to play phrases in the provided text.

Numerical Systems: Each guide also includes basic number translations which is crucial for patient intake such as recording age, weight or other numerical data.

3. Specific Examples and Considerations:

Arabic: The Arabic guide demonstrates the complexities of Arabic script with multiple options for some anatomical terms (e.g., “Forehead” – ةهبج – Jabha or بجPQR – Jabeen; “Nose” – فنأ – Anf or مشخ – Khashoum). The use of transliteration is also included for many words.

Greek: The Greek guide includes common phrases for “lie on your back” and “lie on your belly” that have slight variations in their usage: “Ξαπλώστε ανάσκελα (Ξαπλώστε με την πλάτη σας)” (lie on your back) and “Ξαπλώστε μπρούμυτα (Ξαπλώστε με την κοιλιά σας)”(lie on your belly)

Hebrew: The Hebrew guide provides both the Hebrew and transliterated versions of words, which is helpful as it is a non-Latin script. It notes both colloquial and medical terms for certain diagnoses and has several phrases for “you can/can’t return to play”.

Polish: The Polish guide includes the phonetic pronunciation of the phrases and words along with the Polish wording.

Swahili: The Swahili guide does not include phrases for “you can’t return to play,” which is important to note.

Farsi: The Farsi guide also provides phonetic versions of words. It has both medical and colloquial translations of many phrases.

French: The French guide uses “m.” to designate “masculine” gender for some terms.

German: The German guide includes both the formal and informal versions of instructions, such as “Stand up – Stehen Sie bitte auf (formal) Steh bitte auf (informal)”. It also utilizes both German and Latin terms for many diagnoses and anatomy terms.

Irish: The Irish guide uses both the singular and plural forms of days, months and years.

Korean: The Korean guide notes the colloquial versus medical terms of diagnoses. Many instructions include the use of honorifics in the wording.

Mandarin: The Mandarin guide provides pinyin transliteration for many of the words, which is helpful as it is a non-Latin script. It uses both colloquial and medical terms.

Norwegian: The Norwegian guide uses both Latin and Norwegian terms for many medical terms.

Russian: The Russian guide includes both transliteration and Cyrillic versions of the words. Many instructions also include the word “please” (пожалуйста “pozhaluysta”) for additional politeness.

Serbian: The Serbian guide includes the months of the year.

Spanish: The Spanish guide uses “el” or “la” to note the gender of certain anatomical or medical nouns.

4. Conclusion

These multi-language phrase guides are valuable resources for sports medicine physicians for team travel and treating foreign athletes.
They provide a framework for conducting basic medical interactions and examinations and reduce the communication barrier in patient care.
They highlight the importance of clear and standardized terminology in healthcare, regardless of the language used.
These guides can improve the patient experience, improve diagnoses, and ultimately contribute to better healthcare outcomes.
Further development could include more detailed sections on specific medical specialties.

Dr. Neil Dilworth (February 11, 2025)

References:

Rosetta Stone – Sports Medicine Translations

notebook LM was used to assist in tabling of anatomical terms and summary of themes.